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Title IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics table of contents archive
PublisherIEEE Educational Activities Department Piscataway, NJ, USA
ISSN: 1077-2626

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IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics

Volume 17 Issue 12, December 2011

Table of Contents
IEEE Visualization Conference and IEEE Information Visualization Conference Proceedings 2011 title page
Pages: i-ii
doi>10.1109/TVCG.2011.210
Message from the Editor-in-Chief
Ming Lin Lin
Pages: ix-ix
doi>10.1109/TVCG.2011.221
Message from the Paper Chairs and Guest Editors
Frank van Ham, Raghu Machiraju, Klaus Mueller, Gerik Scheuermann, Chris Weaver
Pages: x-x
doi>10.1109/TVCG.2011.222
Committees, Reviewers, and Supporting Organizations
Pages: xii-xii
doi>10.1109/TVCG.2011.180
The 2011 Visualization Career Award: Frits Post
Pages: xxi-xxi
doi>10.1109/TVCG.2011.240
The 2011 Visualization Technical Achievement Award: Daniel Keim
Pages: xxii--xxii
doi>10.1109/TVCG.2011.241
VisWeek Keynote Address
Daniel Keim
Pages: xxiii-xxiii
doi>10.1109/TVCG.2011.257
VisWeek Capstone Address
Amanda Cox
Pages: xxiv-xxiv
doi>10.1109/TVCG.2011.256
Saliency-Assisted Navigation of Very Large Landscape Images
Cheuk Yiu Ip, Amitabh Varshney
Pages: 1737-1746
doi>10.1109/TVCG.2011.231

The field of visualization has addressed navigation of very large datasets, usually meshes and volumes. Significantly less attention has been devoted to the issues surrounding navigation of very large images. In the last few years the explosive growth ...
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Hierarchical Event Selection for Video Storyboards with a Case Study on Snooker Video Visualization
Matthew L. Parry, Philip A. Legg, David H. S. Chung, Iwan W. Griffiths, Min Chen
Pages: 1747-1756
doi>10.1109/TVCG.2011.208

Video storyboard, which is a form of video visualization, summarizes the major events in a video using illustrative visualization. There are three main technical challenges in creating a video storyboard, (a) event classification, (b) event selection ...
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Artificial Defocus for Displaying Markers in Microscopy Z-Stacks
Alessandro Giusti, Pierluigi Taddei, Giorgio Corani, Luca Gambardella, Cristina Magli, Luca Gianaroli
Pages: 1757-1764
doi>10.1109/TVCG.2011.168

As microscopes have a very shallow depth of field, Z-stacks (i.e. sets of images shot at different focal planes) are often acquired to fully capture a thick sample. Such stacks are viewed by users by navigating them through the mouse wheel. We propose ...
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Visualization of Topological Structures in Area-Preserving Maps
Xavier Tricoche, Christoph Garth, Allen Sanderson
Pages: 1765-1774
doi>10.1109/TVCG.2011.254

Area-preserving maps are found across a wide range of scientific and engineering problems. Their study is made challenging by the significant computational effort typically required for their inspection but more fundamentally by the fractal complexity ...
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Multi-Touch Table System for Medical Visualization: Application to Orthopedic Surgery Planning
Claes Lundstrom, Thomas Rydell, Camilla Forsell, Anders Persson, Anders Ynnerman
Pages: 1775-1784
doi>10.1109/TVCG.2011.224

Medical imaging plays a central role in a vast range of healthcare practices. The usefulness of 3D visualizations has been demonstrated for many types of treatment planning. Nevertheless, full access to 3D renderings outside of the radiology department ...
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Load-Balanced Parallel Streamline Generation on Large Scale Vector Fields
Boonthanome Nouanesengsy, Teng-Yok Lee, Han-Wei Shen
Pages: 1785-1794
doi>10.1109/TVCG.2011.219

Because of the ever increasing size of output data from scientific simulations, supercomputers are increasingly relied upon to generate visualizations. One use of supercomputers is to generate field lines from large scale flow fields. When generating ...
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Extinction-Based Shading and Illumination in GPU Volume Ray-Casting
Philipp Schlegel, Maxim Makhinya, Renato Pajarola
Pages: 1795-1802
doi>10.1109/TVCG.2011.198

Direct volume rendering has become a popular method for visualizing volumetric datasets. Even though computers are continually getting faster, it remains a challenge to incorporate sophisticated illumination models into direct volume rendering while ...
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GPU-Based Interactive Cut-Surface Extraction From High-Order Finite Element Fields
Blake Nelson, Robert M. Kirby, Robert Haimes
Pages: 1803-1811
doi>10.1109/TVCG.2011.206

We present a GPU-based ray-tracing system for the accurate and interactive visualization of cut-surfaces through 3D simulations of physical processes created from spectral/hp high-order finite element methods. When used by the numerical analyst to debug ...
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GPU-based Real-Time Approximation of the Ablation Zone for Radiofrequency Ablation
Christian Rieder, Tim Kroeger, Christian Schumann, Horst K. Hahn
Pages: 1812-1821
doi>10.1109/TVCG.2011.207

Percutaneous radiofrequency ablation (RFA) is becoming a standard minimally invasive clinical procedure for the treatment of liver tumors. However, planning the applicator placement such that the malignant tissue is completely destroyed, is a demanding ...
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Feature-Based Statistical Analysis of Combustion Simulation Data
Janine C. Bennett, Vaidyanathan Krishnamoorthy, Shusen Liu, Ray W. Grout, Evatt R. Hawkes, Jacqueline H. Chen, Jason Shepherd, Valerio Pascucci, Peer-Timo Bremer
Pages: 1822-1831
doi>10.1109/TVCG.2011.199

We present a new framework for feature-based statistical analysis of large-scale scientific data and demonstrate its effectiveness by analyzing features from Direct Numerical Simulations (DNS) of turbulent combustion. Turbulent flows are ubiquitous and ...
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Quasi Interpolation With Voronoi Splines
Mahsa Mirzargar, Alireza Entezari
Pages: 1832-1841
doi>10.1109/TVCG.2011.230

We present a quasi interpolation framework that attains the optimal approximation-order of Voronoi splines for reconstruction of volumetric data sampled on general lattices. The quasi interpolation framework of Voronoi splines provides an unbiased reconstruction ...
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Topological Spines: A Structure-preserving Visual Representation of Scalar Fields
Carlos Correa, Peter Lindstrom, Peer-Timo Bremer
Pages: 1842-1851
doi>10.1109/TVCG.2011.244

We present topological spines−a new visual representation that preserves the topological and geometric structure of a scalar field. This representation encodes the spatial relationships of the extrema of a scalar field together with the local volume ...
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Towards Robust Topology of Sparsely Sampled Data
Carlos Correa, Peter Lindstrom
Pages: 1852-1861
doi>10.1109/TVCG.2011.245

Sparse, irregular sampling is becoming a necessity for reconstructing large and high-dimensional signals. However, the analysis of this type of data remains a challenge. One issue is the robust selection of neighborhoods − a crucial part of analytic ...
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Visualization of AMR Data With Multi-Level Dual-Mesh Interpolation
Patrick Moran, David Ellsworth
Pages: 1862-1871
doi>10.1109/TVCG.2011.252

We present a new technique for providing interpolation within cell-centered Adaptive Mesh Refinement (AMR) data that achieves C^0 continuity throughout the 3D domain. Our technique improves on earlier work in that it does not require that adjacent patches ...
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Nodes on Ropes: A Comprehensive Data and Control Flow for Steering Ensemble Simulations
Jurgen Waser, Hrvoje Ribicic, Raphael Fuchs, Christian Hirsch, Benjamin Schindler, Gunther Bloschl, Eduard Groller
Pages: 1872-1881
doi>10.1109/TVCG.2011.225

Flood disasters are the most common natural risk and tremendous efforts are spent to improve their simulation and management. However, simulation-based investigation of actions that can be taken in case of flood emergencies is rarely done. This is in ...
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Interactive, Graph-based Visual Analysis of High-dimensional, Multi-parameter Fluorescence Microscopy Data in Toponomics
Steffen Oeltze, Wolfgang Freiler
Pages: 1882-1891
doi>10.1109/TVCG.2011.217

In Toponomics, the function protein pattern in cells or tissue (the toponome) is imaged and analyzed for applications in toxicology, new drug development and patient-drug-interaction. The most advanced imaging technique is robot-driven multi-parameter ...
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Tuner: Principled Parameter Finding for Image Segmentation Algorithms Using Visual Response Surface Exploration
Thomas Torsney-Weir, Ahmed Saad, Torsten Moller, Hans-Christian Hege, Britta Weber, Jean-Marc Verbavatz
Pages: 1892-1901
doi>10.1109/TVCG.2011.248

In this paper we address the difficult problem of parameter-finding in image segmentation. We replace a tedious manual process that is often based on guess-work and luck by a principled approach that systematically explores the parameter space. Our core ...
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Branching and Circular Features in High Dimensional Data
Bei Wang, Brian Summa, Valerio Pascucci, Mikael Vejdemo-Johansson
Pages: 1902-1911
doi>10.1109/TVCG.2011.177

Large observations and simulations in scientific research give rise to high-dimensional data sets that present many challenges and opportunities in data analysis and visualization. Researchers in application domains such as engineering, computational ...
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Features in Continuous Parallel Coordinates
Dirk J. Lehmann, Holger Theisel
Pages: 1912-1921
doi>10.1109/TVCG.2011.200

Continuous Parallel Coordinates (CPC) are a contemporary visualization technique in order to combine several scalar fields, given over a common domain. They facilitate a continuous view for parallel coordinates by considering a smooth scalar field instead ...
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About the Influence of Illumination Models on Image Comprehension in Direct Volume Rendering
Florian Lindemann, Timo Ropinski
Pages: 1922-1931
doi>10.1109/TVCG.2011.161

In this paper, we present a user study in which we have investigated the influence of seven state-of-the-art volumetric illumination models on the spatial perception of volume rendered images. Within the study, we have compared gradient-based shading ...
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Automatic Transfer Functions Based on Informational Divergence
Marc Ruiz, Anton Bardera, Imma Boada, Ivan Viola
Pages: 1932-1941
doi>10.1109/TVCG.2011.173

In this paper we present a framework to define transfer functions from a target distribution provided by the user. A target distribution can reflect the data importance, or highly relevant data value interval, or spatial segmentation. Our approach is ...
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The Effect of Colour and Transparency on the Perception of Overlaid Grids
Lyn Bartram, Billy Cheung, Maureen Stone
Pages: 1942-1948
doi>10.1109/TVCG.2011.242

Overlaid reference elements need to be sufficiently visible to effectively relate to the underlying information, but not so obtrusive that they clutter the presentation. We seek to create guidelines for presenting such structures through experimental ...
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Flow Radar Glyphs—Static Visualization of Unsteady Flow with Uncertainty
Marcel Hlawatsch, Philipp Leube, Wolfgang Nowak, Daniel Weiskopf
Pages: 1949-1958
doi>10.1109/TVCG.2011.203

A new type of glyph is introduced to visualize unsteady flow with static images, allowing easier analysis of time-dependent phenomena compared to animated visualization. Adopting the visual metaphor of radar displays, this glyph represents flow directions ...
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iView: A Feature Clustering Framework for Suggesting Informative Views in Volume Visualization
Ziyi Zheng, Nafees Ahmed, Klaus Mueller
Pages: 1959-1968
doi>10.1109/TVCG.2011.218

The unguided visual exploration of volumetric data can be both a challenging and a time-consuming undertaking. Identifying a set of favorable vantage points at which to start exploratory expeditions can greatly reduce this effort and can also ensure ...
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Volume Analysis Using Multimodal Surface Similarity
Martin Haidacher, Stefan Bruckner, Eduard Groller
Pages: 1969-1978
doi>10.1109/TVCG.2011.258

The combination of volume data acquired by multiple modalities has been recognized as an important but challenging task. Modalities often differ in the structures they can delineate and their joint information can be used to extend the classification ...
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Asymmetric Tensor Field Visualization for Surfaces
Darrel Palke, Zhongzang Lin, Guoning Chen, Harry Yeh, Paul Vincent, Robert Laramee, Eugene Zhang
Pages: 1979-1988
doi>10.1109/TVCG.2011.170

Asymmetric tensor field visualization can provide important insight into fluid flows and solid deformations. Existing techniques for asymmetric tensor fields focus on the analysis, and simply use evenly-spaced hyperstreamlines on surfaces following eigenvectors ...
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An Interactive Local Flattening Operator to Support Digital Investigations on Artwork Surfaces
Nico Pietroni, Corsini Massimiliano, Paolo Cignoni, Roberto Scopigno
Pages: 1989-1996
doi>10.1109/TVCG.2011.165

Analyzing either high-frequency shape detail or any other 2D fields (scalar or vector) embedded over a 3D geometry is a complex task, since detaching the detail from the overall shape can be tricky. An alternative approach is to move to the 2D space, ...
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Context Preserving Maps of Tubular Structures
Joseph Marino
Pages: 1997-2004
doi>10.1109/TVCG.2011.182

When visualizing tubular 3D structures, external representations are often used for guidance and display, and such views in 2D can often contain occlusions. Virtual dissection methods have been proposed where the entire 3D structure can be mapped to ...
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Authalic Parameterization of General Surfaces Using Lie Advection
Guangyu Zou, Jiaxi Hu, Xianfeng Gu, Jing Hua
Pages: 2005-2014
doi>10.1109/TVCG.2011.171

Parameterization of complex surfaces constitutes a major means of visualizing highly convoluted geometric structures as well as other properties associated with the surface. It also enables users with the ability to navigate, orient, and focus on regions ...
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TransGraph: Hierarchical Exploration of Transition Relationships in Time-Varying Volumetric Data
Yi Gu, Chaoli Wang
Pages: 2015-2024
doi>10.1109/TVCG.2011.246

A fundamental challenge for time-varying volume data analysis and visualization is the lack of capability to observe and track data change or evolution in an occlusion-free, controllable, and adaptive fashion. In this paper, we propose to organize a ...
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Voronoi-Based Extraction and Visualization of Molecular Paths
Norbert Lindow, Daniel Baum, Hans-Christian Hege
Pages: 2025-2034
doi>10.1109/TVCG.2011.259

Visual analysis is widely used to study the behavior of molecules. Of particular interest are the analysis of molecular interactions and the investigation of binding sites. For large molecules, however, it is difficult to detect possible binding sites ...
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Symmetry in Scalar Field Topology
Dilip Mathew Thomas, Vijay Natarajan
Pages: 2035-2044
doi>10.1109/TVCG.2011.236

Study of symmetric or repeating patterns in scalar fields is important in scientific data analysis because it gives deep insights into the properties of the underlying phenomenon. Though geometric symmetry has been well studied within areas like shape ...
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A Scale Space Based Persistence Measure for Critical Points in 2D Scalar Fields
Jan Reininghaus, Natallia Kotava, David Guenther, Jens Kasten, Hans Hagen, Ingrid Hotz
Pages: 2045-2052
doi>10.1109/TVCG.2011.159

This paper introduces a novel importance measure for critical points in 2D scalar fields. This measure is based on a combination of the deep structure of the scale space with the well-known concept of homological persistence. We enhance the noise robust ...
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Evaluation of Trend Localization with Multi-Variate Visualizations
Mark Livingston, Jonathan Decker
Pages: 2053-2062
doi>10.1109/TVCG.2011.194

Multi-valued data sets are increasingly common, with the number of dimensions growing. A number of multi-variate visualization techniques have been presented to display such data. However, evaluating the utility of such techniques for general data sets ...
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Straightening Tubular Flow for Side-by-Side Visualization
Paolo Angelelli, Helwig Hauser
Pages: 2063-2070
doi>10.1109/TVCG.2011.235

Flows through tubular structures are common in many fields, including blood flow in medicine and tubular fluid flows in engineering. The analysis of such flows is often done with a strong reference to the main flow direction along the tubular boundary. ...
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Vortex Visualization in Ultra Low Reynolds Number Insect Flight
Christopher Koehler, Thomas Wischgoll, Haibo Dong, Zachary Gaston
Pages: 2071-2079
doi>10.1109/TVCG.2011.260

We present the visual analysis of a biologically inspired CFD simulation of the deformable flapping wings of a dragonfly as it takes off and begins to maneuver, using vortex detection and integration-based flow lines. The additional seed placement and ...
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Two-Dimensional Time-Dependent Vortex Regions Based on the Acceleration Magnitude
Jens Kasten, Jan Reininghaus, Ingrid Hotz, Hans-Christian Hege
Pages: 2080-2087
doi>10.1109/TVCG.2011.249

Acceleration is a fundamental quantity of flow fields that captures Galilean invariant properties of particle motion. Considering the magnitude of this field, minima represent characteristic structures of the flow that can be classified as saddle- or ...
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Adaptive Extraction and Quantification of Geophysical Vortices
Sean Williams, Mark Petersen, Peer-Timo Bremer, Matthew Hecht, Valerio Pascucci, James Ahrens, Mario Hlawitschka, Bernd Hamann
Pages: 2088-2095
doi>10.1109/TVCG.2011.162

We consider the problem of extracting discrete two-dimensional vortices from a turbulent flow. In our approach we use a reference model describing the expected physics and geometry of an idealized vortex. The model allows us to derive a novel correlation ...
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FoamVis: Visualization of 2D Foam Simulation Data
Dan Lipsa, Robert Laramee, Simon Cox, Tudur Davies
Pages: 2096-2105
doi>10.1109/TVCG.2011.204

Research in the field of complex fluids such as polymer solutions, particulate suspensions and foams studies how the flow of fluids with different material parameters changes as a result of various constraints. Surface Evolver, the standard solver software ...
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WYSIWYG (What You See is What You Get) Volume Visualization
Hanqi Guo, Ningyu Mao, Xiaoru Yuan
Pages: 2106-2114
doi>10.1109/TVCG.2011.261

In this paper, we propose a volume visualization system that accepts direct manipulation through a sketch-based What You See Is What You Get (WYSIWYG) approach. Similar to the operations in painting applications for 2D images, in our system, a full set ...
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Interactive Volume Visualization of General Polyhedral Grids
Philipp Muigg, Markus Hadwiger, Helmut Doleisch, Eduard Groller
Pages: 2115-2124
doi>10.1109/TVCG.2011.216

This paper presents a novel framework for visualizing volumetric data specified on complex polyhedral grids, without the need to perform any kind of a priori tetrahedralization. These grids are composed of polyhedra that often are non-convex and have ...
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Image Plane Sweep Volume Illumination
Erik Sunden, Anders Ynnerman, Timo Ropinski
Pages: 2125-2134
doi>10.1109/TVCG.2011.211

In recent years, many volumetric illumination models have been proposed, which have the potential to simulate advanced lighting effects and thus support improved image comprehension. Although volume ray-casting is widely accepted as the volume rendering ...
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Interactive Multiscale Tensor Reconstruction for Multiresolution Volume Visualization
Susanne K. Suter, Jose A. Iglesias Guitian, Fabio Marton, Marco Agus, Andreas Elsener, Christoph P. E. Zollikofer, M. Gopi, Enrico Gobbetti, Renato Pajarola
Pages: 2135-2143
doi>10.1109/TVCG.2011.214

Large scale and structurally complex volume datasets from high-resolution 3D imaging devices or computational simulations pose a number of technical challenges for interactive visual analysis. In this paper, we present the first integration of a multiscale ...
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An Efficient Direct Volume Rendering Approach for Dichromats
Weifeng Chen, Wei Chen, Hujun Bao
Pages: 2144-2152
doi>10.1109/TVCG.2011.164

Color vision deficiency (CVD) affects a high percentage of the population worldwide. When seeing a volume visualization result, persons with CVD may be incapable of discriminating the classification information expressed in the image if the color transfer ...
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Interactive Virtual Probing of 4D MRI Blood-Flow
Roy van Pelt, Javier Olivan Bescos, Marcel Breeuwer, Rachel E. Clough, M. Eduard Groller, Bart ter Haar Romenij, Anna Vilanova
Pages: 2153-2162
doi>10.1109/TVCG.2011.215

Better understanding of hemodynamics conceivably leads to improved diagnosis and prognosis of cardiovascular diseases. Therefore, an elaborate analysis of the blood-flow in heart and thoracic arteries is essential. Contemporary MRI techniques enable ...
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Crepuscular Rays for Tumor Accessibility Planning
Rostislav Khlebnikov, Bernhard Kainz, Judith Muehl, Dieter Schmalstieg
Pages: 2163-2172
doi>10.1109/TVCG.2011.184

In modern clinical practice, planning access paths to volumetric target structures remains one of the most important and most complex tasks, and a physician's insufficient experience in this can lead to severe complications or even the death of the patient. ...
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Distance Visualization for Interactive 3D Implant Planning
Christian Dick, Rainer Burgkart, Rudiger Westermann
Pages: 2173-2182
doi>10.1109/TVCG.2011.189

An instant and quantitative assessment of spatial distances between two objects plays an important role in interactive applications such as virtual model assembly, medical operation planning, or computational steering. While some research has been done ...
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The FLOWLENS: A Focus-and-Context Visualization Approach for Exploration of Blood Flow in Cerebral Aneurysms
Rocco Gasteiger, Mathias Neugebauer, Oliver Beuing, Bernhard Preim
Pages: 2183-2192
doi>10.1109/TVCG.2011.243

Blood flow and derived data are essential to investigate the initiation and progression of cerebral aneurysms as well as their risk of rupture. An effective visual exploration of several hemodynamic attributes like the wall shear stress (WSS) and the ...
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Projection-Based Metal-Artifact Reduction for Industrial 3D X-ray Computed Tomography
Artem Amirkhanov, Christoph Heinzl, Michael Reiter, Johann Kastner, Eduard Groller
Pages: 2193-2202
doi>10.1109/TVCG.2011.228

Multi-material components, which contain metal parts surrounded by plastic materials, are highly interesting for inspection using industrial 3D X-ray computed tomography (3DXCT). Examples of this application scenario are connectors or housings with metal ...
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Quality Metrics in High-Dimensional Data Visualization: An Overview and Systematization
Enrico Bertini
Pages: 2203-2212
doi>10.1109/TVCG.2011.229

In this paper, we present a systematization of techniques that use quality metrics to help in the visual exploration of meaningful patterns in high-dimensional data. In a number of recent papers, different quality metrics are proposed to automate the ...
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Benefitting InfoVis with Visual Difficulties
Jessica Hullman, Eytan Adar, Priti Shah
Pages: 2213-2222
doi>10.1109/TVCG.2011.175

Many well-cited theories for visualization design state that a visual representation should be optimized for quick and immediate interpretation by a user. Distracting elements like decorative "chartjunk" or extraneous information are avoided so as not ...
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Product Plots
Hadley Wickham, Heike Hofmann
Pages: 2223-2230
doi>10.1109/TVCG.2011.227

We propose a new framework for visualising tables of counts, proportions and probabilities. We call our framework product plots, alluding to the computation of area as a product of height and width, and the statistical concept of generating a joint distribution ...
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Visualization Rhetoric: Framing Effects in Narrative Visualization
Jessica Hullman, Nick Diakopoulos
Pages: 2231-2240
doi>10.1109/TVCG.2011.255

Narrative visualizations combine conventions of communicative and exploratory information visualization to convey an intended story. We demonstrate visualization rhetoric as an analytical framework for understanding how design techniques that prioritize ...
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Adaptive Privacy-Preserving Visualization Using Parallel Coordinates
Aritra Dasgupta, Robert Kosara
Pages: 2241-2248
doi>10.1109/TVCG.2011.163

Current information visualization techniques assume unrestricted access to data. However, privacy protection is a key issue for a lot of real-world data analyses. Corporate data, medical records, etc. are rich in analytical value but cannot be shared ...
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Context-Preserving Visual Links
Markus Steinberger, Manuela Waldner, Marc Streit, Alexander Lex, Dieter Schmalstieg
Pages: 2249-2258
doi>10.1109/TVCG.2011.183

Evaluating, comparing, and interpreting related pieces of information are tasks that are commonly performed during visual data analysis and in many kinds of information-intensive work. Synchronized visual highlighting of related elements is a well-known ...
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Design Study of LineSets, a Novel Set Visualization Technique
Basak Alper, Nathalie Riche, Gonzalo Ramos, Mary Czerwinski
Pages: 2259-2267
doi>10.1109/TVCG.2011.186

Computing and visualizing sets of elements and their relationships is one of the most common tasks one performs when analyzing and organizing large amounts of data. Common representations of sets such as convex or concave geometries can become cluttered ...
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Developing and Evaluating Quilts for the Depiction of Large Layered Graphs
Juhee Bae, Benjamin Watson
Pages: 2268-2275
doi>10.1109/TVCG.2011.187

Traditional layered graph depictions such as flow charts are in wide use. Yet as graphs grow more complex, these depictions can become difficult to understand. Quilts are matrix-based depictions for layered graphs designed to address this problem. In ...
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Arc Length-Based Aspect Ratio Selection
Pages: 2276-2282
doi>10.1109/TVCG.2011.167

The aspect ratio of a plot has a dramatic impact on our ability to perceive trends and patterns in the data. Previous approaches for automatically selecting the aspect ratio have been based on adjusting the orientations or angles of the line segments ...
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Asymmetric Relations in Longitudinal Social Networks
Ulrik Brandes, Bobo Nick
Pages: 2283-2290
doi>10.1109/TVCG.2011.169

In modeling and analysis of longitudinal social networks, visual exploration is used in particular to complement and inform other methods. The most common graphical representations for this purpose appear to be animations and small multiples of intermediate ...
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VisBricks: Multiform Visualization of Large, Inhomogeneous Data
Alexander Lex, Hans-Jorg Schulz, Marc Streit, Christian Partl, Dieter Schmalstieg
Pages: 2291-2300
doi>10.1109/TVCG.2011.250

Large volumes of real-world data often exhibit inhomogeneities: vertically in the form of correlated or independent dimensions and horizontally in the form of clustered or scattered data items. In essence, these inhomogeneities form the patterns in the ...
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D3 Data-Driven Documents
Michael Bostock, Vadim Ogievetsky, Jeffrey Heer
Pages: 2301-2309
doi>10.1109/TVCG.2011.185

Data-Driven Documents (D3) is a novel representation-transparent approach to visualization for the web. Rather than hide the underlying scenegraph within a toolkit-specific abstraction, D3 enables direct inspection and manipulation of a native representation: ...
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Flexible Linked Axes for Multivariate Data Visualization
Jarry H. T. Claessen, Jarke J. van Wijk
Pages: 2310-2316
doi>10.1109/TVCG.2011.201

Multivariate data visualization is a classic topic, for which many solutions have been proposed, each with its own strengths and weaknesses. In standard solutions the structure of the visualization is fixed, we explore how to give the user more freedom ...
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Synthetic Generation of High-Dimensional Datasets
Georgia Albuquerque, Thomas Lowe, Marcus Magnor
Pages: 2317-2324
doi>10.1109/TVCG.2011.237

Generation of synthetic datasets is a common practice in many research areas. Such data is often generated to meet specific needs or certain conditions that may not be easily found in the original, real data. The nature of the data varies according to ...
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Stereoscopic Highlighting: 2D Graph Visualization on Stereo Displays
Basak Alper, Tobias Hollerer, JoAnn Kuchera-Morin, Angus Forbes
Pages: 2325-2333
doi>10.1109/TVCG.2011.234

In this paper we present a new technique and prototype graph visualization system, stereoscopic highlighting, to help answer accessibility and adjacency queries when interacting with a node-link diagram. Our technique utilizes stereoscopic depth to highlight ...
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In Situ Exploration of Large Dynamic Networks
Steffen Hadlak, Hans-Jorg Schulz, Heidrun Schumann
Pages: 2334-2343
doi>10.1109/TVCG.2011.213

The analysis of large dynamic networks poses a challenge in many fields, ranging from large bot-nets to social networks. As dynamic networks exhibit different characteristics, e.g., being of sparse or dense structure, or having a continuous or discrete ...
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Parallel Edge Splatting for Scalable Dynamic Graph Visualization
Michael Burch, Corinna Vehlow, Fabian Beck, Stephan Diehl, Daniel Weiskopf
Pages: 2344-2353
doi>10.1109/TVCG.2011.226

We present a novel dynamic graph visualization technique based on node-link diagrams. The graphs are drawn side-byside from left to right as a sequence of narrow stripes that are placed perpendicular to the horizontal time line. The hierarchically organized ...
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Divided Edge Bundling for Directional Network Data
David Selassie, Brandon Heller, Jeffrey Heer
Pages: 2354-2363
doi>10.1109/TVCG.2011.190

The node-link diagram is an intuitive and venerable way to depict a graph. To reduce clutter and improve the readability of node-link views, Holten & van Wijk's force-directed edge bundling employs a physical simulation to spatially group graph edges. ...
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Skeleton-Based Edge Bundling for Graph Visualization
Ozan Ersoy, Christophe Hurter, Fernando Paulovich, Gabriel Cantareiro, Alex Telea
Pages: 2364-2373
doi>10.1109/TVCG.2011.233

In this paper, we present a novel approach for constructing bundled layouts of general graphs. As layout cues for bundles, we use medial axes, or skeletons, of edges which are similar in terms of position information. We combine edge clustering, distance ...
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BirdVis: Visualizing and Understanding Bird Populations
Nivan Ferreira, Lauro Lins, Daniel Fink, Steve Kelling, Christopher Wood, Juliana Freire, Claudio Silva
Pages: 2374-2383
doi>10.1109/TVCG.2011.176

Birds are unrivaled windows into biotic processes at all levels and are proven indicators of ecological well-being. Understanding the determinants of species distributions and their dynamics is an important aspect of ecology and is critical for conservation ...
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BallotMaps: Detecting Name Bias in Alphabetically Ordered Ballot Papers
Jo Wood, Donia Badawood, Jason Dykes, Aidan Slingsby
Pages: 2384-2391
doi>10.1109/TVCG.2011.174

The relationship between candidates' position on a ballot paper and vote rank is explored in the case of 5000 candidates for the UK 2010 local government elections in the Greater London area. This design study uses hierarchical spatially arranged graphics ...
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Sequence Surveyor: Leveraging Overview for Scalable Genomic Alignment Visualization
Danielle Albers, Colin Dewey, Michael Gleicher
Pages: 2392-2401
doi>10.1109/TVCG.2011.232

In this paper, we introduce overview visualization tools for large-scale multiple genome alignment data. Genome alignment visualization and, more generally, sequence alignment visualization are an important tool for understanding genomic sequence data. ...
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Visualization of Parameter Space for Image Analysis
A. Johannes Pretorius, Mark-Anthony Bray, Anne E. Carpenter, Roy A. Ruddle
Pages: 2402-2411
doi>10.1109/TVCG.2011.253

Image analysis algorithms are often highly parameterized and much human input is needed to optimize parameter settings. This incurs a time cost of up to several days. We analyze and characterize the conventional parameter optimization process for image ...
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TextFlow: Towards Better Understanding of Evolving Topics in Text
Weiwei Cui, Shixia Liu, Li Tan, Conglei Shi, Yangqiu Song, Zekai Gao, Huamin Qu, Xin Tong
Pages: 2412-2421
doi>10.1109/TVCG.2011.239

Understanding how topics evolve in text data is an important and challenging task. Although much work has been devoted to topic analysis, the study of topic evolution has largely been limited to individual topics. In this paper, we introduce TextFlow, ...
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Exploratory Analysis of Time-Series with ChronoLenses
Jian Zhao, Fanny Chevalier, Emmanuel Pietriga, Ravin Balakrishnan
Pages: 2422-2431
doi>10.1109/TVCG.2011.195

Visual representations of time-series are useful for tasks such as identifying trends, patterns and anomalies in the data. Many techniques have been devised to make these visual representations more scalable, enabling the simultaneous display of multiple ...
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CloudLines: Compact Display of Event Episodes in Multiple Time-Series
Milos Krstajic, Enrico Bertini, Daniel Keim
Pages: 2432-2439
doi>10.1109/TVCG.2011.179

We propose incremental logarithmic time-series technique as a way to deal with time-based representations of large and dynamic event data sets in limited space. Modern data visualization problems in the domains of news analysis, network security and ...
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Evaluation of Traditional, Orthogonal, and Radial Tree Diagrams by an Eye Tracking Study
Michael Burch, Natalia Konevtsova, Julian Heinrich, Markus Hoeferlin, Daniel Weiskopf
Pages: 2440-2448
doi>10.1109/TVCG.2011.193

Node-link diagrams are an effective and popular visualization approach for depicting hierarchical structures and for showing parent-child relationships. In this paper, we present the results of an eye tracking experiment investigating traditional, orthogonal, ...
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TreeNetViz: Revealing Patterns of Networks over Tree Structures
Liang Gou, Xiaolong (Luke) Zhang
Pages: 2449-2458
doi>10.1109/TVCG.2011.247

Network data often contain important attributes from various dimensions such as social affiliations and areas of expertise in a social network. If such attributes exhibit a tree structure, visualizing a compound graph consisting of tree and network structures ...
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Improved Similarity Trees and their Application to Visual Data Classification
Jose Gustavo Paiva, Laura Florian, Helio Pedrini, Guilherme Telles, Rosane Minghim
Pages: 2459-2468
doi>10.1109/TVCG.2011.212

An alternative form to multidimensional projections for the visual analysis of data represented in multidimensional spaces is the deployment of similarity trees, such as Neighbor Joining trees. They organize data objects on the visual plane emphasizing ...
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A Study on Dual-Scale Data Charts
Petra Isenberg, Anastasia Bezerianos
Pages: 2469-2478
doi>10.1109/TVCG.2011.160

We present the results of a user study that compares different ways of representing Dual-Scale data charts. Dual-Scale charts incorporate two different data resolutions into one chart in order to emphasize data in regions of interest or to enable the ...
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Evaluation of Artery Visualizations for Heart Disease Diagnosis
Michelle Borkin, Krzysztof Gajos, Amanda Peters, Dimitrios Mitsouras, Simone Melchionna, Frank Rybicki, Charles Feldman, Hanspeter Pfister
Pages: 2479-2488
doi>10.1109/TVCG.2011.192

Heart disease is the number one killer in the United States, and finding indicators of the disease at an early stage is critical for treatment and prevention. In this paper we evaluate visualization techniques that enable the diagnosis of coronary artery ...
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Exploring Ambient and Artistic Visualization for Residential Energy Use Feedback
Johnny Rodgers, Lyn Bartram
Pages: 2489-2497
doi>10.1109/TVCG.2011.196

Providing effective feedback on resource consumption in the home is a key challenge of environmental conservation efforts. One promising approach for providing feedback about residential energy consumption is the use of ambient and artistic visualizations. ...
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Human-Centered Approaches in Geovisualization Design: Investigating Multiple Methods Through a Long-Term Case Study
David Lloyd, Jason Dykes
Pages: 2498-2507
doi>10.1109/TVCG.2011.209

Working with three domain specialists we investigate human-centered approaches to geovisualization following an ISO13407 taxonomy covering context of use, requirements and early stages of design. Our case study, undertaken over three years, draws attention ...
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Visual Thinking In Action: Visualizations As Used On Whiteboards
Jagoda Walny, Sheelagh Carpendale, Nathalie Henry Riche, Gina Venolia, Philip Fawcett
Pages: 2508-2517
doi>10.1109/TVCG.2011.251

While it is still most common for information visualization researchers to develop new visualizations from a data- or taskdriven perspective, there is growing interest in understanding the types of visualizations people create by themselves for personal ...
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Composite Density Maps for Multivariate Trajectories
Roeland Scheepens, Niels Willems, Huub van de Wetering, Gennady Andrienko, Natalia Andrienko, Jarke J. van Wijk
Pages: 2518-2527
doi>10.1109/TVCG.2011.181

We consider moving objects as multivariate time-series. By visually analyzing the attributes, patterns may appear that explain why certain movements have occurred. Density maps as proposed by Scheepens et al. [25] are a way to reveal these patterns by ...
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Focus+Context Metro Maps
Yu-Shuen Wang, Ming-Te Chi
Pages: 2528-2535
doi>10.1109/TVCG.2011.205

We introduce a focus+context method to visualize a complicated metro map of a modern city on a small displaying area. The context of our work is with regard the popularity of mobile devices. The best route to the destination, which can be obtained from ...
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Flow Map Layout via Spiral Trees
Kevin Buchin, Bettina Speckmann, Kevin Verbeek
Pages: 2536-2544
doi>10.1109/TVCG.2011.202

Flow maps are thematic maps that visualize the movement of objects, such as people or goods, between geographic regions. One or more sources are connected to several targets by lines whose thickness corresponds to the amount of flow between a source ...
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Exploring Uncertainty in Geodemographics with Interactive Graphics
Aidan Slingsby, Jason Dykes, Jo Wood
Pages: 2545-2554
doi>10.1109/TVCG.2011.197

Geodemographic classifiers characterise populations by categorising geographical areas according to the demographic and lifestyle characteristics of those who live within them. The dimension-reducing quality of such classifiers provides a simple and ...
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Drawing Road Networks with Focus Regions
Jan-Henrik Haunert, Leon Sering
Pages: 2555-2562
doi>10.1109/TVCG.2011.191

Mobile users of maps typically need detailed information about their surroundings plus some context information about remote places. In order to avoid that the map partly gets too dense, cartographers have designed mapping functions that enlarge a user-defined ...
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Local Affine Multidimensional Projection
Paulo Joia, Danilo Coimbra, Jose A. Cuminato, Fernando V. Paulovich, Luis G. Nonato
Pages: 2563-2571
doi>10.1109/TVCG.2011.220

Multidimensional projection techniques have experienced many improvements lately, mainly regarding computational times and accuracy. However, existing methods do not yet provide flexible enough mechanisms for visualization-oriented fully interactive ...
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Angular Histograms: Frequency-Based Visualizations for Large, High Dimensional Data
Zhao Geng, ZhenMin Peng, Robert S.Laramee, Jonathan C. Roberts, Rick Walker
Pages: 2572-2580
doi>10.1109/TVCG.2011.166

Parallel coordinates is a popular and well-known multivariate data visualization technique. However, one of their inherent limitations has to do with the rendering of very large data sets. This often causes an overplotting problem and the goal of the ...
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DICON: Interactive Visual Analysis of Multidimensional Clusters
Nan Cao, David Gotz, Jimeng Sun, Huamin Qu
Pages: 2581-2590
doi>10.1109/TVCG.2011.188

Clustering as a fundamental data analysis technique has been widely used in many analytic applications. However, it is often difficult for users to understand and evaluate multidimensional clustering results, especially the quality of clusters and their ...
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Brushing Dimensions—A Dual Visual Analysis Model for High-Dimensional Data
Cagatay Turkay, Peter Filzmoser, Helwig Hauser
Pages: 2591-2599
doi>10.1109/TVCG.2011.178

In many application fields, data analysts have to deal with datasets that contain many expressions per item. The effective analysis of such multivariate datasets is dependent on the user's ability to understand both the intrinsic dimensionality of the ...
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MoleView: An Attribute and Structure-Based Semantic Lens for Large Element-Based Plots
Christophe Hurter, Alexandru Telea, Ozan Ersoy
Pages: 2600-2609
doi>10.1109/TVCG.2011.223

We present MoleView, a novel technique for interactive exploration of multivariate relational data. Given a spatial embedding of the data, in terms of a scatter plot or graph layout, we propose a semantic lens which selects a specific spatial and attribute-related ...
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Author Index
Pages: xxv-xxv
doi>10.1109/TVCG.2011.172

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